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Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators from BaTiO₃/PVDF Nanocomposite Films for Wearable Energy Harvesting

Raj Patel , Yuki Nakamura , Sophie Laurent
Published: 2026-06-05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55001/jams.v1i2.50 Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026)
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Abstract

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on BaTiO₃ nanoparticle-reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films are developed for harvesting biomechanical energy from human motion. The nanocomposite films with 20 wt% BaTiO₃ content and β-phase PVDF fraction of 82% achieve an open-circuit voltage of 68 V, short-circuit current of 12.5 μA, and peak power density of 285 μW/cm² under cyclic compressive loading at 5 Hz — representing a 4.2× improvement over pristine PVDF films. The enhanced performance originates from synergistic polarization of ferroelectric BaTiO₃ nanoparticles and strain-induced β-phase crystallization of the PVDF matrix. A wearable wristband prototype successfully powers a commercial temperature-humidity sensor and Bluetooth Low Energy transmitter from finger-tapping motions, demonstrating practical viability for self-powered wearable electronics.

Author Biographies

  • Raj Patel Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
    Raj Patel is a research fellow at Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India. Their research focuses on computational science, with over 57 publications in peer-reviewed journals.
  • Yuki Nakamura Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
    Yuki Nakamura is an assistant professor at Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan. Their research focuses on biomedical engineering, with over 31 publications in peer-reviewed journals.
  • Sophie Laurent Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
    Sophie Laurent is an assistant professor at Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Their research focuses on energy systems, with over 22 publications in peer-reviewed journals.
JAMS Vol. 1, No. 2, 2026
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How to Cite
Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators from BaTiO₃/PVDF Nanocomposite Films for Wearable Energy Harvesting. (2026). Journal of Advanced Materials Science, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.55001/jams.v1i2.50
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Authors
  • Raj Patel Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
  • Yuki Nakamura Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
  • Sophie Laurent Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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